Este documento é um auxiliar para uma educação que inclui o debate  e uma metodologia participativa sob uma perpectiva multidisciplinar sobre biotética.

(Council of Europe Publishing)

COMO É DESCRITO NO ORIGINAL OS SEUS OBJECTIVOS SÃO:

“1. To make young people aware of bioethical issues and encourage an open debate on the subject;

 2. To foster independent thinking;

3. To promote a participatory approach to debates on social issues (education for citizenship) through the analysis of concrete cases;

 4. To open up the European dimension of the debate;

 5. To clarify key scientific and medical concepts by means of examples taken from everyday life. Five initial themes are addressed in this publication: – organ donation; – medically assisted procreation; – genetic testing; – biomedical research on human beings; – cloning.”

A noção de gênero é entendida aqui como relações estabelecidas a partir da percepção social das diferenças biológicas entre os sexos (Scott, 1995). Essa percepção, por sua vez, está fundada em esquemas classificatórios que opõem masculino/feminino, sendo esta oposição homóloga e relacionada a outras: forte/fraco; grande/pequeno; acima/abaixo; dominante/dominado (Bourdieu, 1999). Essas oposições são hierarquizadas, cabendo ao pólo masculino e seus homólogos a primazia do que é valorizado como positivo, superior. Essas oposições/hierarquizações são arbitrárias e historicamente construídas.

A divisão entre os sexos parece estar na ordem das coisas(…) ela está presente, ao mesmo tempo, em estado objetivado (…) em todo o mundo social, e em estado incorporado, nos corpos e nos habitus dos agentes, funcionando como sistemas de esquemas de percepção, de pensamento e de ação (Bourdieu, 1999, p. 17).

Entender as relações de gênero como fundadas em categorizações presentes em toda a ordem social, permite compreender não somente a posição das mulheres, em particular, como subordinada, mas também a relação entre sexualidade e poder. A sexualidade, longe de ser um “domínio da natureza” é considerada aqui como um “fato social” enquanto condutas, como fundadora da identidade e como domínio a ser explorado cientificamente (Bozon e Giami, 1999).

A sexualidade é perpassada por aqueles esquemas de classificação, fundados na oposição e hierarquização entre masculino/feminino, a partir da oposição entre ativo/passivo, o que estabelece uma ligação entre sexualidade e dominação: as imagens, o vocabulário e as significações mobilizadas em cada sociedade para evocar as relações sexuais são, em todos os lugares, utilizados para dizer igualmente a dominação de sexo em geral (Bozon, 1999, p. 14) 2. A dominação masculina se exerce a partir da percepção na relação, de que o homem é o sujeito, e a mulher, o objeto (o homem “come” a mulher) (Bozon, 1999).”

IN Sociologias – Identidade sexual e identidade de gênero: subversões e permanências.

Are you aware of cultural differences?
Do the quiz

Será que os planetas desconhecidos têm placas tectónicas activas?

Será que estes planetas gigantescos parecidos com a terra possuem continentes e montanhas?

A descoberta nos últimos anos de uma enormidade de planetas rochosos orbitando estrelas fora do Sistema Solar fez com que os cientistas se questionassem, se aqueles planetas serão habitáveis.

Neste mês, dois grupos de pesquisa introduziram sobre o tema um interessante debate…

…Ver o Original em NATURE

http://www.nature.com/nature/

Mais informação em ESO (ver vídeo)

“The Worst Jobs For The 21st Century”

Health care, education and financial services–if you’re looking for work in the coming decades, these are the fields to get into.

What to avoid? The usual suspects. According to the projections by the U.S. government, manufacturing jobs are expected to decline by more than 5% by 2014 as production moves overseas.

Same goes for textile workers, such as sewing machine operators, who will see a 36% drop in employment. Technology will kill off more office positions, such as file clerks.

They’ll see a 36% drop in their ranks by 2014. Digital cameras will zap the manual photo processing industry by about 30%. And that guy who comes around to read your electric meter? Expect to see a lot less of him, too.

But these are the obvious victims as the U.S. moves from a goods-producing economy to a services-producing economy.

More interesting are the jobs that are likely to experience slower than average growth (average being about 13%). This is where the surprises are.

In Pictures: The Worst Jobs For The 21st Century

Like computer programmers.

Despite all the advances–and expected job growth–in the computer industry, expect the number of programmers to increase by about 2% between 2004-2014. Why? Outsourcing. Americans who want a career in this field should find a specialization, like cybersecurity.

Xenia

Another endangered species: journalists.

Despite the proliferation of media outlets, newspapers, where the bulk of U.S. reporters work, will cut costs and jobs as the Internet replaces print. While current events will always need to be covered (we hope), the number of reporting positions is expected to grow by just 5% in the coming decade, the Labor Department says. Most jobs will be in small (read: low-paying) markets.

Radio announcers will have a tough time, too. Station consolidation, advances in technology and a barren landscape for new radio stations will contribute to a 5% reduction in employment for announcers by the middle of the next decade. Even satellite radio doesn’t seem immune from the changes. The two major companies, XM and Sirius–which now have plans to merge–have regularly operated in the red.

Anyone who regularly books their flights online can tell you why the travel agent business is in jeopardy. So here’s a surprise: The Department of Labor only predicts a 6% drop in travel agent jobs by 2014. The demand for luxury and specialty travel, and increased spending on tourism, will buoy the industry somewhat. If you do plan to be a travel agent, best to find a niche field or specialize in specific-destination trips. Travel agents might also find success in organizing groups of foreign visitors to their home markets. But remember, the travel industry is highly connected to swings in economic conditions.

Worse off? Federal employees and their amazing benefits. Washington employs nearly 2 million people, not including the military, making it the country’s largest employer. After Sept. 11, 2001, it expanded significantly due to homeland security needs. But those days may be coming to an end. By 2014, federal government jobs–excluding the Postal Service– will only have increased by about 1.6% above 2004 levels due to the transfer of some jobs to state and local governments and the increased use of private contracting companies. Don’t believe it? A report compiled by a House of Representatives panel earlier this year found that government spending on contracts rose by 103% between 2000 and 2005.

Should you be discouraged if a career you pinned your hopes on is not expected to grow? Not at all, says Anthony Spadafore, director of Pathfinders, a career counseling company in Alexandria, Va. He says that if people pursue their fields that play to their talents, they’ll be able to compete for the top jobs where competition is fierce, even if the industry is diminishing.

“The idea of shrinking and hot fields, we think it’s sort of a rudimentary way of looking at things,” Spadafore says. “Believe it or not, there’s still a need for bank tellers.”

In Pictures: The Worst Jobs For The 21st Century

Want more info? The Department of Labor has some excellent information, including the bi-annual Occupational Outlook Handbook, which includes career descriptions, salary information, employment projections and working conditions for hundreds of jobs. (The next version is due out early next year.) Another good resource is the Occupational Outlook Quarterly, which profiles specific careers. Last year, the publication issued an entire volume related to growth projections.”

Brian Wingfield, 10.09.07, AM ET IN FORBES (Bold meu)

Sobre as possibilidades de um terrível autismo do conhecimento que a sua incorrecta utilização e manuseamento pode ter em consequência, é um risco a ponderar e, por isso, nada melhor que um guia passo a passo e, ainda, um Portfolio Showcase criativo com resultados muito interessantes para os utilizadores como os que se podem observar a seguir:

JEAN-PIERRE BRATANOFF-FIRGOFF

 Mehrdokht Amini

Guantánamo: violation of human rights and international law?

Na apresentação do livro diz-se:

“What are the rights of the prisoners held by the United States at the base in Guantánamo Bay? Is their imprisonment lawful? Should we be thinking about strengthening the Geneva Conventions and changing international law? The Parliamentary Assembly, and hence the 47 member states of the Council of Europe, has spoken with one voice, condemning this flagrant violation of human rights and demanding the closure of the Guantánamo detention centre. This book contains all the Assembly’s arguments, along with the study by the Venice Commission, which brings all its legal expertise to bear in considering whether the detention of people by the United States in Guantánamo Bay is lawful and if there is a need for a change in international law.”

COE

• Paper – Género e Desejo Fernanda Henriques

original, IN URL: <http://www.mulheres-ps20.ipp.pt/genero_e_desejo.htm>

BOTERO, Zoom Dancers, 1987 Oil on Canvas,

• Paper On Naturally Embodied Cyborgs: Identities, Metaphors, and Models

Evan Selinger and Timothy Engström

…para utilizar em blogs e sites